2016年6月2日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --1987年，酒精被确定为一种致癌物，2007年研究者发现了酒精和乳腺癌发生之间的因果关系；随后2014年的一项研究证实了酒精会增加乳腺癌的发病风险。
然而关于少量饮酒和乳腺癌之间的关联至今仍存在争议，近日，发表于国际杂志Alcoholism：Clinical and Experimental Research上的一项研究报告中，研究人员就进行了三个方面的研究，首先揭示和酒精相关的乳腺癌的生物学通路；其次阐明饮酒和乳腺癌之间的流行病学风险关联；最后分析乳腺癌发生的全球负担和因饮酒导致的死亡率情况，研究者尤其关注少量饮酒和乳腺癌发生之间的关系。
这项研究中，研究人员系统性地评估了少量饮酒和乳腺癌之间的关联，文章研究结果表明，饮酒，甚至是少量饮酒都会增加个体患乳腺癌的风险。研究者揭示了饮酒影响乳腺癌发病风险的生物学机制，他们认为，酒精会通过改变机体的激素水平及其相关的生物学通路来影响乳腺癌的发病风险。
在15项研究中除了2项研究其余研究都对饮酒和乳腺癌风险之间的关联进行了元分析，结果发现，饮酒和乳腺癌发病风险之间存在一定的剂量效应关系。随后研究者利用人口归因性的分析方法又分析了因酒精引发的乳腺癌发生及死亡引发的负担问题，研究人员指出，仅在2012年全球就有144，000名因酒精患上乳腺癌的病例，同时又38，000名个体因乳腺癌而死亡；其中18.8%的乳腺癌患者和17.5%的乳腺癌死亡患者都是少量饮酒的个体。
最后研究者总结道，由于饮酒和乳腺癌发病风险之间的关联，以及全球酒精消耗的水平，未来因酒精摄入引发的乳腺癌发病个体及死亡个体或许会持续增加，当然少量饮酒引发的患癌个体的规模或许也会不断增加。（生物谷Bioon.com）
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Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review
Kevin D. Shield1,*, Isabelle Soerjomataram1 andJürgen Rehm2,3,4,5,6,7
The objective of this study was to outline the biological pathways of alcohol-attributable breast cancer, the epidemiological risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, and the global burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption, with a focus on light drinking. First, the literature regarding the biological mechanisms of how alcohol affects the risk of breast cancer was reviewed and summarized. Second, a search of meta-analyses that evaluated the risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer was conducted. Last, the burden of alcohol-attributable breast cancer incidence and mortality was estimated by means of a Population-Attributable Fraction methodology. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and data on cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. Alcohol consumption affects breast cancer risk through the alteration in hormone levels and the associated biological pathways, the metabolism of ethanol resulting in carcinogens, and the inhibition of the one carbon metabolism pathway. The systematic review found 15 meta-analyses on the risk relationship between alcohol consumption (also light consumption) and the risk of breast cancer. All but 2 of these analyses showed a dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. An estimated 144,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88,000 to 200,000) breast cancer cases and 38,000 (95% CI: 2,400 to 53,000) breast cancer deaths globally in 2012 were attributable to alcohol, with 18.8% of these cases and 17.5% of these deaths affecting women who were light alcohol consumers. All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption. Due to this strong relationship, and to the amount of alcohol consumed globally, the incidence of and mortality from alcohol-attributable breast cancer is large.
