作者：宋东辉1, 侯李君1, 施定基1,2 来源：中科院微生物研究所 2008-4-11 16:31:27
关键词： 基因工程 微藻 油料植物 生物柴油
生物工程学报 Chin J Biotech 2008, March 25; 24(3): 341-348
journals.im.ac.cn Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ISSN 1000-3061
cjb@im.ac.cn . 2008 Institute of Microbiology, CAS & CSM, All rights reserved
综 述
宋东辉1, 侯李君1, 施定基1,2
1 天津科技大学海洋科学与工程学院藻类生物技术研究室, 天津 300457
2 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093
摘 要: 生物柴油作为化石能源的替代燃料已在国际上得到广泛应用。至今生物柴油的原料主要来自油料植物, 但与农作物争地的情况以及较高的原料成本限制了生物柴油的进一步推广。微藻作为高光合生物有其特殊的原料成本优势, 微藻的脂类含量最高可达细胞干重的80%。利用生物技术改良微藻, 获得的高油脂基因工程微藻经规模养殖, 可大大降低生物柴油原料成本。介绍了国内外生物柴油的应用现状, 阐述了微藻作为生物柴油原料的优势, 对基因工程技术调控微藻脂类代谢途径的研究进展, 以及在构建工程微藻中面临的问题和应采取的对策进行了综述和展望。
关键词: 基因工程, 微藻, 油料植物, 生物柴油
Exploitation and Utilization of Rich Lipids-microalgae, as New Lipids Feedstock for Biodiesel Production–a review
Donghui Song1, Lijun Hou1, and Dingji Shi1,2
1 Laboratory of Cyanobacterial and Algal Biotechnology, College of Marine Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin 300457, China
2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Abstract: As a renewable energy sources to replace conventional fossil fuels, biodiesel fuels have been becoming increasingly requirements to global fuels market. Biodiesel derived from oil crops cannot realistically satisfy even more fraction of the raw material existing costs and soil competitive demand for its growth. Microalgae appear to be the advantage of costs that is capable of higher photosynthetic efficiency, larger biomass, faster growth compared to those of oil crops. Lipid content of many microalgae is usually 80% of its dry weight. Genetic microalgae with high-oil productivity by genetic manipulations are capable of making microalgal biodiesel economically competitive with petrodiesel through large-scale production of genetic microalgal biomass. As demonstrated here, the use of biodiesel fuels in home and abroad are currently introduced, and the cost advantage of microalgae as the raw material is analyzed; And moreover, the progress of microalgal genetic engineering in regulation of lipid metabolism and the problems in the
construct of genetic microalgae strains as well as approaches for making microalgal biodiesel appear to be an important source of renewable fuel that has the potential to completely displace fossil diesel are discussed in this review.
Keywords: genetic engineering, microalgae, oil crops, biodiesel
342 ISSN1000-3061 CN11-1998/Q Chin J Biotech March 25, 2008 Vol.24 No.3
Journals.im.ac.cn
随着全球经济一体化的不断发展, 石油作为战略资源已成为世界各国能源经济的最主要内容。我国目前是世界上第二大能源生产和消费国, 石油供给不足已经成为影响我国经济和社会发展的主要矛盾之一。发展替代能源是保障能源安全的重大战略举措。近年来生物柴油作为化石能源的替代燃料,已成为国际上发展最快、应用最广的环保可再生能源。本文结合国内外生物柴油的研究进展, 综述微藻基因工程制备生物柴油的可行性和发展趋势, 以及我国在利用微藻基因工程解决生物柴油原料成本问题上的可能对策
